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Middle Ear Infections
Key Information
- Very Common: Middle ear infections are common in young children, especially during or after a cold.
- What It Is: Fluid becomes trapped behind the eardrum and becomes infected (usually by a virus).
- Usually Self-Limiting: In most cases, your child’s immune system clears the infection without antibiotics.
The "Drainage Pipe" Analogy
Middle ear infections are common in children because of simple anatomy.
- The Eustachian Tube: Think of the tube connecting the middle ear to the back of the throat as a “drainage pipe.”
- Adults vs. Children: In young children, this pipe is smaller and more horizontal.
- The Blockage: During a cold, mucus can easily block this pipe, trapping fluid behind the eardrum.
- The Pain: As pressure builds behind the eardrum, it causes earache.
Symptoms to Watch For
You may notice:
- Earache: Pain caused by pressure in the ear.
- Fever: A high temperature as the body fights infection.
- Irritability: Crying or increased distress.
- Physical Signs: Pulling, tugging, or rubbing the ear.
- Hearing Changes: Temporary hearing reduction due to fluid.
What to Do
- 1. Manage the Pain
- Use simple pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (check the label for dosing).
- The main goal is comfort while the body clears the infection.
- 2. Watch and Wait
- Most infections improve within a few days without specific treatment.
When to Seek Advice
- You are generally worried about your child.
- Symptoms last longer than 7 days.
- Your child is under 2 years old.
Further Information
Treating Middle Ear Infections
Outer Ear Infection: Causes and Care
For more advice on preventing and treating ear infections, please visit the NHS website.
Learn more about ear infections
Last reviewed: 31 December 2025
Next review due: 31 December 2028
Providing NHS Services
Telephone: 01727 853107